Blog

How VAPT evidence supports GDPR Article 32 'appropriate technical measures' — from DPIA input to enforcement defense and processor obligations.

Aug 10, 2026

A comparative analysis of AWS, Azure, and GCP attack surface — IAM models, metadata endpoints, container platforms, and cross-cloud lateral movement.

Aug 5, 2026

RBI Master Direction VAPT requirements for banks, NBFCs, payment aggregators, and payment gateways — scope, methodology, and SAR reporting.

Jul 30, 2026

Why business associates increasingly need VAPT evidence for BAA compliance, and what covered entities look for in vendor security assessments.

Jul 22, 2026

Azure-specific attack paths: managed identity abuse, subscription escalation, Azure AD misconfigurations, and Key Vault exposure.

Jul 15, 2026

How to validate network segmentation as PCI DSS Requirement 11.4.5 evidence and defensibly reduce cardholder data environment scope.

Jul 2, 2026

What certification body auditors look for in VAPT evidence for ISO 27001:2022 — Annex A control mapping, coverage documentation, and remediation tracking.

Jun 25, 2026

GraphQL-specific VAPT techniques: introspection abuse, query complexity attacks, batching, nested query DoS, and field-level authorization testing.

Jun 18, 2026

How attackers move from initial pod compromise to cluster admin — RBAC misconfigurations, service account abuse, and container breakout techniques.

Jun 4, 2026

Real-world AD attack chains — Kerberoasting, AS-REP roasting, ADCS abuse, DCSync, and Golden Ticket generation that consistently succeed in enterprise networks.

May 20, 2026

PCI DSS v4.0 restructured penetration testing requirements. What changed from v3.2.1, new segmentation testing mandates, and QSA expectations for 2026.

May 12, 2026

How attackers chain IAM misconfigurations and metadata SSRF into full account takeover on AWS — with defensive controls that actually work.

May 6, 2026

The OWASP Top 10 2025 revision changed priorities. How VAPT programs should adapt testing scope and depth for the new landscape.

Apr 24, 2026

Why XSS is consistently underestimated and how attackers actually exploit it — from session hijacking and keylogging to worm propagation and CSP bypass.

Apr 22, 2026

The critical difference between VA and PT, why compliance frameworks demand both, and how to structure a testing program that satisfies auditors and reduces real risk.

Apr 15, 2026

A modern web application VAPT methodology covering discovery, authentication handling, business logic testing, chained exploits, and defensible reporting.

Apr 2, 2026

What shift-left security actually means in practice — SAST, SCA, IaC scanning, pre-commit hooks, and how to avoid the pitfalls that cause programs to fail.

Apr 5, 2026

A technical guide to SSRF in cloud environments, covering metadata endpoint exploitation, IMDSv1 vs IMDSv2, blind SSRF, and DNS rebinding.

Mar 8, 2026

Error-based, blind, time-based, and out-of-band SQLi, second-order injection, ORM bypass techniques, WAF evasion, and layered defenses.

Feb 14, 2026

Algorithm confusion attacks, weak signing secrets, JWK injection, kid parameter injection, token sidejacking, and how to implement JWTs securely.

Jan 18, 2026

Hands-on techniques for finding BOLA/IDOR, broken authentication, excessive data exposure, mass assignment, SSRF, and GraphQL-specific vulnerabilities in APIs.

Dec 12, 2025

An in-depth look at the current application security landscape and emerging threats.

Nov 15, 2025

Exploring how artificial intelligence is revolutionizing the way we find and fix security issues.

Nov 10, 2025

A practical guide to successfully implementing DevSecOps in your organization.

Nov 5, 2025

Breaking down the latest OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities and how to protect against them.

Oct 28, 2025

Essential security measures for your continuous integration and deployment pipeline.

Oct 20, 2025

Modern approaches to penetration testing with AI-powered automation.

Oct 15, 2025